Table 7 Sex-based dietary intake of study participants

Energy and macronutrients (median, range)

Calories [kcal/kg]

22.9 (56.4–7.04)

23.7 (46.8–7.04)

22.3 (56.4–9.55)

0.585

Protein [g/kg]

0.79 (2.5 − 0.18)

0.8 (1.68 − 0.18)

0.77 (2.5 − 0.35)

0.463

Carbohydrate [g/d]

232 (478 − 85)

248.5 (478 − 85)

211 (387 − 95)

0.003^*

Fat [g/d]

59.1 (148 − 13)

62.1 (148 − 13.3)

51.6 (92.6–23)

0.001^*

Saturated fat [g/d]

15.6 (43.7–1.7)

16.8 (43.7–1.7)

13.4 (24.3–5.5)

0.007^*

MUFAs ^a [g/d]

22.8 (60.6–6.93)

24 (60.6–6.9)

21 (45.8–7.1)

0.011^*

PUFAs ^b [g/d]

10.5 (31.2-1)

11.3 (31.2-1)

9.67 (23.6–2.4)

0.071

Cholesterol [mg/d]

168.3 (121-0.0)

180.6 (1212-0.0)

159 (550 − 44.8)

0.443

Water [ml/d]

59.5 (562 − 23)

64.9 (562 − 26.4)

52.4 (441 − 23)

0.000^*

Vitamins (mean ± SD/ median, range)

Vitamin A [mcg/d]

440.5 ± 833.8

407.3 ± 574

495.4 ± 1142.5

0.878

Vitamin B1 [mg/d]

0.57 (2.4-0.21)

0.61 (2.42 − 0.21)

0.53 (0.95 − 0.22)

0.010^*

Vitamin B2 [mg/d]

0.8 (12.2–0.24)

0.88 (12.2–0.24)

0.75 (3.7 − 0.31)

0.024^*

Vitamin B3 [mg/d]

8.7 (32.8–1.44)

9.5 (32.8–1.44)

7.6 (22.4–2.3)

0.013^*

Folate [mcg/d]

216 (787 − 34.8)

227.9 (553 − 34)

200 (787 − 69)

0.064

Vitamin B12 [mcg/d]

1.5 (68.5-0.0)

1.84 (36.9-0.0)

1.3 (68-0.25)

0.021^*

Vitamin C [mg/d]

76.2 (400 − 3.7)

78.4 (400.1–3.7)

74.3 (233 − 10.6)

0.308

Vitamin D [IU/d]

39.2 (145-0.0)

38 (131-0.0)

41.3(145 − 2.55)

0.543

Vitamin E [IU/d]

2.26 (8.65-0.0)

2.27 (8.65-0.0)

2.23 (7.22-0.0)

0.381

Vitamin K1 [mcg/d]

102 (780 − 2.4)

110.5 (780 − 2.49)

102 (328 − 3.6)

0.394

Minerals and trace minerals (median, range)

Calcium [mg/d]

479.8 (1503 − 155.9)

522.3 (1503 − 163)

424.9 (1029 − 155)

0.007^*

Phosphate [mg/d]

727.6 (1802 − 161)

754.5 (1802 − 161)

652.2 (1118 − 355)

0.006^*

Potassium [mg/d]

1567 (8287 − 370)

1475 (8287 − 370)

1644 (4460 − 597)

0.107

Sodium [mg/d]

2591 (5416 − 672)

2702 (5416 − 672)

2448 (4195 − 959)

0.029^*

Iron [mg/d]

11.5 (39-1.95)

11.7 (39-1.95)

10.9 (29.5–3.2)

0.129

Selenium [mcg/d]

31.4 (90.6–1.3)

34 (90.6–1.3)

29.3 (72.6–5.5)

0.083

Zinc [mg/d]

6.8 (16.6–1.3)

7.51 (16.6–1.39)

6.24 (11.7-3)

0.004^*