Table 3 Sex-based lifestyle and functional status characteristics
Variables | Total (n = 188) | Males (n = 117) | Females (n = 71) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lifestyle habits | ||||||
Smoking | Regular smoker [n (%)] | 61 (32.4) | 49 (41.9) | 12 (16.9) | 0.000* | |
Former smoker [n (%)] | 51 (27.1) | 38 (32.5) | 13 (18.3) | |||
Non-smoker [n (%)] | 76 (40.4) | 30 (25.6) | 46 (64.8) | |||
Exercise | Yes [n (%)] | 11 (5.9) | 6 (5.1) | 5 (7.0) | 0.404 | |
Walking | Yes [n (%)] | 74 (39.4) | 55 (47.0) | 19 (26.8) | 0.004* | |
Walking duration [minutes/day; median, range] | 28 (0-120) | 35 (0-120) | 24 (0–60) | 0.009* | ||
Sleeping duration [hours/day; median, range] | 7 (4–16) | 6 (6–16) | 8 (4–12) | 0.219 | ||
Functional status | ||||||
Ability to transfer | Yes [n (%)] | 69 (36.7) | 32 (27.4) | 37 (52.1) | 0.001* | |
Ability to do daily activities | Yes [n (%)] | 49 (26.1) | 19 (16.2) | 30 (42.3) | 0.000* | |
Handgrip strength [kg; median, range] | 7.5(0-100) | 25 (0-100) | 5 (0–40) | 0.000* | ||