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Table 3 Regression results

From: The association between the health promotion levy and employment in South Africa: an interrupted time series analysis

 

Agriculture

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail

Overall economy

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

 

OLS

GLS

RE

OLS

GLS

RE

OLS

GLS

RE

OLS

GLS

RE

Time

0.005***

0.005**

0.005***

-0.008***

-0.009***

-0.008***

0.003***

0.002*

0.003***

0.005***

0.005***

0.005***

 

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.003)

(0.002)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

HPL

-0.037

-0.003

-0.037

-0.110

-0.053

-0.110

0.024

0.043

0.024

-0.004

0.016

-0.004

 

(0.055)

(0.063)

(0.055)

(0.109)

(0.126)

(0.109)

(0.036)

(0.042)

(0.036)

(0.027)

(0.031)

(0.027)

HPL*Time

-0.013

-0.014

-0.013

0.037

0.028

0.037

-0.010

-0.012

-0.010

-0.009

-0.010

-0.009

 

(0.012)

(0.014)

(0.012)

(0.023)

(0.027)

(0.023)

(0.008)

(0.010)

(0.008)

(0.006)

(0.007)

(0.006)

Western Cape

1.345***

1.346***

1.345***

1.532***

1.531***

1.532***

0.687***

0.687***

0.687***

0.821***

0.821***

0.821***

 

(0.048)

(0.084)

(0.048)

(0.094)

(0.138)

(0.094)

(0.032)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.024)

(0.041)

(0.024)

Northern Cape

-0.193***

-0.185**

-0.193***

-1.731***

-1.752***

-1.731***

-1.622***

-1.617***

-1.622***

-1.111***

-1.104***

-1.111***

 

(0.048)

(0.084)

(0.048)

(0.095)

(0.138)

(0.095)

(0.032)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.024)

(0.041)

(0.024)

Free State

0.198***

0.196**

0.198***

-0.821***

-0.824***

-0.821***

-0.485***

-0.492***

-0.485***

-0.334***

-0.337***

-0.334***

 

(0.048)

(0.084)

(0.048)

(0.094)

(0.138)

(0.094)

(0.032)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.024)

(0.041)

(0.024)

KwaZulu-Natal

0.548***

0.541***

0.548***

0.221**

0.212

0.221**

0.393***

0.398***

0.393***

0.632***

0.632***

0.632***

 

(0.048)

(0.084)

(0.048)

(0.094)

(0.138)

(0.094)

(0.032)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.024)

(0.041)

(0.024)

North West

-0.338***

-0.347***

-0.338***

-0.842***

-0.879***

-0.842***

-0.467***

-0.464***

-0.467***

-0.542***

-0.547***

-0.542***

 

(0.048)

(0.084)

(0.048)

(0.098)

(0.141)

(0.098)

(0.032)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.024)

(0.041)

(0.024)

Gauteng

-0.444***

-0.464***

-0.444***

1.350***

1.353***

1.350***

1.178***

1.179***

1.178***

1.026***

1.022***

1.026***

 

(0.048)

(0.084)

(0.048)

(0.094)

(0.138)

(0.094)

(0.032)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.024)

(0.041)

(0.024)

Mpumalanga

0.507***

0.496***

0.507***

-0.657***

-0.663***

-0.657***

-0.462***

-0.458***

-0.462***

-0.060**

-0.063

-0.060**

 

(0.048)

(0.084)

(0.048)

(0.094)

(0.138)

(0.094)

(0.032)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.024)

(0.041)

(0.024)

Limpopo

0.843***

0.830***

0.843***

0.461***

0.462***

0.461***

-0.449***

-0.448***

-0.449***

0.084***

0.078*

0.084***

 

(0.048)

(0.084)

(0.048)

(0.094)

(0.138)

(0.094)

(0.032)

(0.054)

(0.032)

(0.024)

(0.041)

(0.024)

Constant

10.393***

10.409***

10.393***

8.683***

8.702***

8.683***

10.906***

10.908***

10.906***

11.846***

11.855***

11.846***

 

(0.041)

(0.070)

(0.041)

(0.079)

(0.115)

(0.079)

(0.027)

(0.045)

(0.027)

(0.020)

(0.033)

(0.020)

Observations

396

396

396

385

385

385

396

396

396

396

396

396

  1. Standard errors in parentheses
  2. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.10